What are kidney stones?
Kidney stones are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys. They can be very painful when they move or block the flow of urine, but with the right care, we can treat them and help prevent new stones.

Common causes and risk factors
- Not drinking enough fluids
- Diets high in salt or certain animal proteins
- Family history of kidney stones
- Obesity
- Certain medical conditions (like gout, bowel disease, or hyperparathyroidism)
- Some medications and supplements

Symptoms to watch for
- Sharp pain in the side, back, or lower belly
- Pain that comes in waves and changes location
- Blood in the urine (pink, red, or brown)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Burning with urination or frequent urination
- Fever and chills (can signal infection and is an emergency)

How we evaluate kidney stones
At Total Kidney, your evaluation may include:
- Urine tests to look for blood, infection, and crystals
- Blood tests to check kidney function and mineral levels
- Imaging (ultrasound, CT scan, or X‑ray) to locate stones
- Stone analysis if you pass a stone

How Total Kidney treats kidney stones
Treatment depends on the size and location of the stone:
- Pain control and medications to help pass smaller stones
- Increased fluids and specific diet changes
- Medications to change urine chemistry and prevent new stones
- Coordination with urology for procedures (like shock wave treatment or endoscopic removal) when needed

Preventing future stones
We focus on long‑term prevention by:
- Reviewing your diet and fluid intake
- Checking for metabolic causes with blood and urine tests
- Creating a personalized plan to reduce your risk of new stones

If you’ve had a kidney stone once, you’re more likely to have another. We’re here to help you lower that risk and protect your kidney health.